How to Treat Ankle Inversion Sprains
Ankle Inversion Sprains are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries encountered by individuals on the tennis court. The pain and functional limitations associated with this injury can significantly impact your ability to play.
So here is our comprehensive guide to Ankle Inversion Sprain Management:
Understanding Inversion Ankle Sprains:
An inversion ankle sprain occurs when the foot rolls inward, resulting in damage to the lateral ligaments of the ankle. The severity of the injury can range from mild stretching or tearing of the ligaments (Grade I sprain) to complete tearing or rupture (Grade III sprain). Common symptoms include pain, swelling, bruising, and difficulty bearing weight on the affected ankle. Prompt assessment and appropriate management are essential to ensure optimal outcomes and prevent long-term complications, such as chronic instability or recurrent sprains.
Initial Assessment and Diagnosis:
The assessment of inversion ankle sprains begins with a thorough history-taking and physical examination to evaluate the mechanism of injury, identify associated symptoms, and assess the extent of ligament damage. Special tests, such as the anterior drawer test, talar tilt test, and squeeze test, may be performed to assess ligament stability and rule out other potential injuries, such as fractures or syndesmotic injuries. In some cases, diagnostic imaging, such as X-rays or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of soft tissue damage.
Early Management and Acute Phase:
The initial management of inversion ankle sprains focuses on controlling pain and inflammation, reducing swelling, and protecting the injured ankle from further damage. The R.I.C.E. (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) protocol is commonly recommended during the acute phase to minimize swelling and facilitate healing. Additionally, the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may help alleviate pain and inflammation. Depending on the severity of the injury, immobilization with a removable walking boot or ankle brace may be warranted to provide stability and support during the early stages of recovery.
Rehabilitation and Functional Rehabilitation:
As the acute symptoms subside, the focus shifts towards restoring range of motion, strength, proprioception, and functional stability of the ankle joint. Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in guiding patients through a progressive rehabilitation program tailored to their specific needs and goals. Rehabilitation exercises typically include:
Range of Motion Exercises: Gentle ankle mobilization exercises to improve flexibility and restore normal joint mechanics.
Strengthening Exercises: Progressive resistance exercises targeting the muscles of the lower leg and foot, with an emphasis on eccentric strengthening of the peroneal muscles to enhance dynamic ankle stability.
Proprioceptive and Balance Training: Balance exercises on unstable surfaces, such as foam pads or wobble boards, to improve proprioception and neuromuscular control.
Functional Rehabilitation: Sport-specific drills and activities aimed at gradually reintroducing functional movements, such as running, jumping, and cutting, while minimizing the risk of reinjury.
Manual Therapy Techniques: Hands-on techniques, such as joint mobilization, soft tissue mobilization, and myofascial release, may be used to address joint restrictions, muscle tightness, and scar tissue adhesions.
Progression and Return to Activity:
The progression of rehabilitation exercises is guided by the patient's response to treatment, with a gradual increase in intensity, duration, and complexity as tolerated. Close monitoring of symptoms, functional performance, and biomechanics is essential throughout the rehabilitation process. Once the patient has regained full range of motion, strength, and functional stability, a gradual return to activity and sport-specific training can be initiated. It's important to emphasize the importance of proper warm-up, stretching, and conditioning to minimize the risk of recurrent ankle sprains and optimize performance.
Preventive Strategies and Long-Term Management:
We have another blog post which goes over prevention strategies. Check it out!
If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to Manni (physiotherapist) at manni@readyroomhealth.com.
Manni Wong,
Registered Physiotherapist
